Editing Keyframes
Keyframes control how a value changes over time on a timeline. In the Animation Editor, you can select, move, stretch, copy, and smooth keyframes, and choose how the animation moves through each one.
Move, Select, Copy, Stretch and Delete Keyframes
Once you’ve added keyframes, you can edit them. The commands are listed in Editing Keyframes on the Animation Editor page.
To select keyframes, do any of the following:
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Click the keyframe in the timeline.
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Drag a rectangle over a keyframe or a group of keyframes. The rectangle can span several tracks.
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Command-click (macOS) or Ctrl+click (Windows) keyframes to add them to the selection.
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Choose Edit > Select All (Command-A on macOS, Ctrl+A on Windows) while the Animation Editor has focus.
Click an empty spot in the timeline to deselect the keyframes.
To move keyframes, select them and drag one of them left or right in the timeline.
To stretch or shorten a group of keyframes, do any of the following:
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Select the keyframes, right-click one of them, and choose Stretch Keyframes.
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In the Set Stretch Value dialog, enter a percentage from 1% to 1000%. More than 100% spreads the keyframes over more time, less than 100% moves them closer together. The first selected keyframe stays where it is.
Or select the keyframes, then Option-drag (macOS) or Alt+drag (Windows) one of them left or right.
To edit a keyframe’s value, do any of the following:
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Drag the keyframe up or down in the Timeline.
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Double-click the keyframe, or right-click it and choose Edit Value. The graph and the Viewer follow the value while you change it.
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Change the value in the track header (Pan, Tilt, and FoV), then click the track’s Toggle Keyframe button to apply it to the keyframe at the playhead.
To copy and paste keyframes:
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Select the keyframes and press Command-C (macOS) or Ctrl+C (Windows), or right-click one of them and choose Copy Keyframe.
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Move the playhead to where the copy should start. You can also switch to another clip.
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Press Command-V (macOS) or Ctrl+V (Windows), or right-click an empty area of a track and choose Paste Keyframe(s).
The first keyframe lands at the playhead and the others keep their spacing. Each keyframe goes back onto the track it was copied from. A keyframe that already exists at the same time takes the pasted value.
If the copied keyframes belong to an additional track that the clip does not have, Pano2VR asks whether to create the track and paste the keyframes.
To delete keyframes, do any of the following:
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Place the playhead on a keyframe and click the track’s Toggle Keyframe button, or the Toggle Keyframes button at the top of the editor.
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Select one or more keyframes and press Delete.
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Right-click a keyframe and choose Delete Keyframe.
To even out the curves, select Continuous Bezier keyframes, right-click one of them, and choose Smooth Continuous Bezier Keyframes. The animation then flows through the keyframes instead of slowing down when it enters a keyframe and speeding up when it leaves. In a looping clip, this also works on the last keyframe: it is smoothed into the movement back to the start of the clip.
To reverse the order of the keyframes, select a range of keyframes and choose Invert Keyframes from the shortcut menu.
Keyframe Types
There are four types of keyframes. Each affects how the animation moves through it. To change the type, right-click the keyframe and choose from the shortcut menu.
Linear Keyframe – There is no acceleration or deceleration. The movement is constant.
Bezier Keyframe – The keyframe acts like a corner in the curve. Drag the handles on either side of the keyframe to shape the curve.
Continuous Bezier Keyframe – Like the Bezier keyframe, but the curve passes through the keyframe in a straight line. To even out the slopes, choose Smooth Continuous Bezier Keyframes from the shortcut menu. Magic keyframes and keyframes added with Toggle Keyframes are of this type.
Hold Keyframe – The value stays until the next keyframe, then changes at once. Keyframes on skin variable, subtitle, and camera mode tracks are always hold keyframes.